摘
要
当前，我国当前正处于经济转型期，由计划经济向市场经济过渡，我国市场进一步扩大，生产企业数量也急剧增多，企业的生产工艺技术也日趋进步更新复杂化，新产品层出不穷，面对当前这样的形势，继续沿用计划经济时代的监管模式，即单一依靠政府部门的力量对产品质量进行监管的监管体制已难以为继。本文的理论出发点是：我国产品质量监管需要“政府、社会质量监管体系、市场”三方力量共同发挥效用才能得以提高，而社会监管体系组成之一——行业协会组织如何有效发挥作用，从而提高我国产品质量监管水平是本文的研究重点。
产品质量源头在企业，而行业协会作为企业的联合体，那么它在我国的产品质量监管中就可以发挥源头治理的作用；其次，通过发挥行业协会在质量监管方面的作用能有效地改善当前单一依靠政府部门进行监管而造成的缺位和越位问题，将政府部门从统揽全部的监管活动中解脱出来，使其建立一支精干高效率的专司通过法律手段进行惩治违法市场主体，维护公平的市场秩序的履行其监管职能，从而能极大减少监管成本；最后，行业协会能在政府、社会监管体系和市场之间形成一个缓冲带，同时构筑一个互通的信息桥梁。
本文的研究思路如下：
（一）行业协会质量监管体系中的一个有生力量，倡导发挥行业协会的作用提高产品质量监管水平，这只是走出我国当前依靠“全能政府”“超人政府”质量监管模式，提高产品质量监管水平的一环，但本文也坚决反对走向另一个极端，即发挥行业协会作用就能取代企业自身产品质量意识的提升，政府监管职能的发挥，以及消费者维权和市场优胜劣汰的作用，而是希望通过发挥行业协会作用，促进以上各方的互动，提升产品质量监管水平。
（二）行业协会在我国的发展状况，特别是行业协会在我国的法律地位，与政府关系，在行业管理中起到的作用，这是本文所关注的。
（三）不论在国内还是国外，行业协会都有着悠久的历史，并且已经有很多学者专家对行业协会进行了研究探讨，有从行业协会存在的合理性、合法性以及行业协会在贸易壁垒中的作用等等方面进行了研究，而行业协会当下如何在我国产品质量监管中发挥作用的研究较少，而这也是本文的亮点和关键点。
（四）西方发达国家走过市场经济已有较成熟的经验和丰富的案例，那么西方发达国家的行业协会在产品质量监管方面有那些地方是我国可以借鉴学习的。
（五）如何使得行业协会在我国产品质量监管中发挥其正面积极的作用，力避其消极方面，具体要采取哪些对策，也是本文要重点探讨的；而在中国当下一个以政府为主导的管理模式中，政府正确有效定位其与行业协会的关系，界定其与行业协会在产品质量监管中的监管边界也是有着积极意义的；此外，消费者在产品质量监管中也扮演着重要的角色，那么行业协会与消费者监管的分工有何不同，具体区别在什么地方，也需要明确。
关键词：行业协会
产品质量
监管
Abstract
At present, China is currently in economic transition from planned economy to a market economy, further expand our market, the sharp increase in the number of manufacturing enterprises, enterprises of the production technology are becoming increasingly complex progress updates, new product after another, the face of such situation, continue to use the planned economy era of regulation, that a single government department to rely on the strength of regulation of product quality supervision system has been difficult to sustain. The theoretical starting point is: the quality of our products regulatory needs, "the government, social quality control system, the market," three forces together can be improved to be effective, while the social component regulatory system - one of industry associations to play a role in how to improve our level of product quality control focus of this study.
Product quality source in the enterprise, and industry associations of the Commonwealth as a business, then it is in China's product quality supervision can play the role of source control; Secondly, through industry associations to play a role in quality control can effectively improve the current single rely on government regulation and offside absence caused the problem, the government's regulatory activities from taking on all freed to create a lean and efficient legal means solely on punishing illegal by market players, to maintain fair market order to perform its regulatory functions, which can greatly reduce regulatory costs; Finally, the industry associations in government, society and the market monitoring system to form a buffer zone between the same time, build a bridge of information exchange.
The research ideas are as follows:
(A)trade associations as a quality control system, the effective strength, industry associations play a role in advocating to improve product quality and regulatory standards, this is just out of China's current reliance on "omnipotent government" "Superman Government" quality control model to improve the level of product quality supervision of a ring, but this is also firmly opposed to the other extreme, that can replace the role of industry associations to play their own heightened awareness of product quality, the Government has to play a regulatory function, and consumer rights protection and market the role of survival of the fittest, but the industry hopes to play Association role in promoting more interaction between the parties, improve product quality supervision.
(B) of the industry associations in the development of our country, especially in industry associations in China's legal status, how the relationship with the government in the industry, how to play the role of management, which is of concern to this article.
(C) both at home and abroad, trade associations have a long history, many scholars and experts have conducted a study of trade associations, industry associations from the existence of a rationality, legality and industry associations in trade barriers in the effects, etc., were studied, and how industry associations present in our product quality control study play a role in less, and this is the highlight of this article, and key points.
(D) of the Western developed countries have more mature market economy through experience and a wealth of case, then the Western developed countries, industry associations in product quality supervision, I have those places in our country can learn from the study.
(E) how to make trade association in our product quality control to play its positive role in trying to avoid its negative aspects, specifically to take what measures, but also paper to focus on exploration; in China present a government-led management model , the Government and industry associations to position their relationship, how to define its product quality and industry associations in the regulatory supervision of the border is an issue worth; In addition, consumers in product quality also plays an important regulatory role, then regulation of industry associations and consumer division of the difference, the specific difference in any place, also need to clear.
Keywords:
Industry associations, product quality, supervision.
