摘 要
当前，我国计量法面临修改。计量法概念体系的不完善，随着经济社会的发展突显出来的现实问题越来越多，特别是计量法从2000年开始着手进行修订以来，十几部修改稿一直没有固定的结构，争议较大，成为计量法修改的一个明显的问题。
本文从计量的基本概念体系入手，系统地阐述了计量概念的界定，提出恢复度量衡在计量概念体系中的地位，把计量概念从测量中提取出来，定义为“测量不确定度、数据处理及其方法的行为”，通过分析计量属性与计量立法的关系，研究计量立法应该采用的结构。研究计量的属性和计量法结构体系，提出法定计量与法治计量的概念，建议在计量法中把法定计量单位作为独立一章，同时，把计量和测量进行概念的区分，提出计量法应当调整涉及计量、贸易结算、安全防护、医疗卫生、环境监测、节能减排等方面的测量作为法定管理的内容。通过对世界部分发达国家计量法的内容结构和形式结构的比较，特别是通过对台湾计量法结构体系的研究，借鉴国际法制计量组织的建议，探寻计量法的基本结构模型。最后结合我国现行计量法与部门建议稿的对比，提出了我国计量法应当采用的结构形式。
本文采用结构分析的方法，通过创新计量法研究的新角度，重点研究组成计量法结构的基本概念、组成计量法的形式结构与内容结构，并着重研究结构间的逻辑关系，研究结构的关联度，提出结构体系应具备的组成部分。通过逻辑分析，借鉴国际法制计量组织的建议，构造计量法的结构模型。提出计量法应分总则、分则和附则，分则部分又分为法定单位制、量值传递与溯源、法定测量器具、法定测量行为、计量管理机构职能、计量监督、违法处理七个部分。根据对计量法结构逻辑的分析，得出了有别于现行计量法和部门建议稿中争议处理较大的三项内容：以度量衡定义计量，计量单位的法定地位，测量行为的法定管理。
本文通过对计量法结构体系的研究，希望能将我国历史传统与科技进步相结合，丰富和延用度量衡的概念，将传统文化的精髓渗透到行政管理和技术应用中来，提出合理的计量法的结构体系，为我国的法治建设做出应有的贡献。
关键词：计量法律结构立法
Abstract
Currently, metrology law of the Peoples Republic of China will face to modification. Because the concept system of metrology law is imperfect, with the social and economic development, more and more realistic problems are highlighted. Especially, since metrology law was revised in 2000, dozen amended draft the lack of fixed structure has been becoming a significant problem of the modification of metrology law.
This paper starts with fundamental concepts of metrology, systematically expounds the definition of metrology concept, and provides to restore metrology status on metrological concept systems. The concepts of metrology are extracted from measurement, which is defined as “uncertainty of measurement, data processing as well as the corresponding behavior of methods”. Through analysing the relationship between metrology attributes and metrological lawmaking, reasonable structure of metrological lawmaking is investigated. Moreover, metrology attributes and structural system of metrology law are studied, and concepts of authorized measurement and legal measurement are proposed, so we suggest the legal measurement unit of the Peoples Republic of China as an individual chapter in metrology law. Meanwhile, from the perspective of concept, we distinguish metrology from measurement, and further propose some contents about metrology, trade accounts, safety protection, medical and health work, environmental monitoring, energy saving and emission reduction, etc. in the metrology law should be adjusted as legal management. By comparing structures of contents and forms in metrology law of some developed countries, especially for structural system of the metrology law of Taiwan, with the advice of International legal measuring organization, the basic structure model of the metrology law is explored. Finally, according to the contrast of China's current metrology law and department consultation paper , reasonable structure form of China's metrology law is proposed.
This article used structure analysis of method, by innovation measurement method research of new angle, focus research composition measurement method structure of basic concept, and composition measurement method of form structure and content structure, and focused on research structure between of logic relationship, research structure of associated of, made structure system should has of part .Through logical analysis, drawing on recommendations of the international organization of legal metrology, constructing a measurement method of structure model. Made measurements should be divided into general provisions, and schedule, the section is divided into the legal system of units, a measure pass and traceability, the legal, statutory measure behavior by the measuring apparatus, measuring functions, metrological supervision management agencies, illegal dealing with seven parts. Measurement method based on structure analysis of logic to come up with different from existing measurement method and departments in the proposed draft dispute handling larger three elements: weights and measures defined measurements, statutory status of units of measurement, measuring behavior of statutory management.
Based on the research of structural system of metrology law, we hope to combine our country's historical tradition and technological progress, further enrich and continue the concept of metrology, which will make the essence of traditional culture to penetrate into administrative management and technology applications, this paper puts forward reasonable structure system of metrology law, which will make due contributions for our country's legal system construction.
Keywords: measurement law structure legislation
