摘 要
加入WTO后，我国质检机构面临新的形势，既迎来了许多机遇，也承担着国内外双重压力：境外检测机构纷至沓来，民营检测机构的崛起，都给国有质检机构带来危机感。在日益激烈的市场竞争下，质检机构对外应积极开拓业务市场，增强服务意识，争创效益，树立科学、公正、准确的质检形象，建立热情、周到、高效的信誉；对内应加强内部管理，持续改进创新，增强质检机构的核心竞争能力。目前，我国质检机构的能力建设仍然是质检机构发展的短板，重收费轻技术、重效益轻管理、设备落后资金短缺、承检范围不规范等问题严重。要解决质检实验室存在的短板问题，在硬件方面，要加大设备投资力度，加强自身建设；在软件方面，要不断进行内部管理创新。因此，作为历时三十多年的质量管理工具之一，QC小组活动的引入对质检机构内部管理具有一定的现实意义。
检验报告是质检机构向社会传递各类产（商）品质量信息的技术性文件，是检验结果的载体，是质检机构实验室管理水平，检验能力和整体素质的集中体现。其为社会提供公正数据，出具的检验结果具有法律效力。因此，在质检机构中，检验报告的质量保障非常重要。在质检实验室，由于各种因素引起的报告差错率现象严重，而由此引发的高返工率，低实效等质量问题将影响到质检机构的服务质量。所以，不断努力降低报告差错率是实验室质量改进的重要任务，改进报告差错率、保障报告质量，是质检实验室的发展需要。
针对上述现状，在本文中引用QC小组活动对质检机构报告差错率进行改进，通过对QC理论知识的学习，对国内外QC活动的现状研究，采用文献研究法、案例分析法、数据统计分析法和QC七大手法，通过收集国内优秀QC小组活动成果，对其活动方法进行研究借鉴，得出启示并指导QC活动在质检机构实验室中报告差错率的改进上。通过对实验室报告差错率的数据统计，遵循PDCA循环的逻辑性，选择分析工具，运用“两图一表”的QC质量改进工具分析每份报告具体差错原因，作出差错原因统计表，统计差错项目频率和累计频率，运用柏拉图找出重点差错项目，确立活动具体目标，运用鱼刺因果图对报告差错原因进行排列分析，确定要因，最后，针对要因，小组制定了关于降低报告差错率的相应对策并实施。本次活动取得了一定成效。
本文的创新之处在于为质检机构实验室引入QC小组活动提供一定的实践意义，对质检机构实验室解决降低成本，合理配置人力、物力资源，优化服务流程，提高工作效率等一系列管理方面问题具有一定借鉴意义。
关键词：
质检机构实验室 QC小组活动 报告差错率 改进
Abstract
After China entered the WTO, quality inspection laboratories are in the new situation, which ushered in the many opportunities at home and abroad, it also takes the double pressure mounting inspection laboratories abroad, the rise of private testing institutions to state-owned quality inspection laboratories bring crisis. In the increasingly fierce market competition, quality assurance institutions under foreign should actively explore business market, strengthen the service consciousness, strive for benefits, build up the scientific, fair and accurate quality image, establish warm and thoughtful, and efficient credibility; Internally should strengthen internal management, continuous improvement innovation, enhance the quality inspection laboratories of the core competitive ability. At present, our quality inspection laboratories capacity building is still quality inspection laboratories development short board, heavy charge light technology, heavy benefit light management, equipment backward, frequency range shortage of funds by serious problems such as standard. To solve the quality problems existing in the laboratories, boards in hardware, to increase the equipment investment, strengthen themselves; In software, to ongoing internal management innovation. Therefore, as last 30 years of quality management tool QC group activity, one of the introduction of the internal management of quality inspection laboratories have certain practical significance.
Inspection report is to pass inspection institutions of society (commercial) product quality in the technical documents, is information carrier, is test results inspection laboratories laboratory management level, inspection ability and overall quality of the centralized embodiment. Its provide social justice, issue the test result of the data has legal effect. Therefore, in the quality inspection laboratories, inspection report quality assurance is very important. In qc laboratory, caused by various factors, and report is serious error ration caused by the effect of high rework rates, low quality problems such vicious cycle will affect quality inspection laboratories of service quality. So, constantly strive to reduce report error ration is an important task of laboratory quality improvement, improve the quality and security report error ration, is the development of quality laboratory needs.
In view of the above situation, in this paper cited for quality inspection laboratories QC group activity, through improved report error ration of QC theory knowledge learning, the present situation of domestic and foreign QC activities, using literature research, case analysis, data statistics analysis and QC seven gimmick, by collecting domestic outstanding achievements in QC team activities, to its activities method study, some enlightenment and reference in quality inspection laboratories guidance QC activities of the lab development application. Based on the statistics laboratory report error ration, follow the logic of PDCA cycle, choose analysis tool, using the "two graph one table" QC quality improvement tools analysis each report specific error reason, make mistakes reason tab, statistical error project frequency and accumulative total frequency, using Plato find key mistakes project, establish activities concrete goal, use to report errors barb causality diagram analysis of reasons, sure will arrange, finally, according to the group to develop through, about the corresponding countermeasures reducing report error ration and implement. The event has made great progress.
The innovation of this paper lies in laboratory for quality inspection institutions provide certain QC group activity introduced the practical significance of quality inspection laboratories, solve reduce costs, laboratory reasonable configuration manpower and material resources to optimize the service process, improve work efficiency and so on a series of management problems with a certain reference.
Key word:
Quality inspection organization laboratories
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QC group activity
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Report error ration
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Improve
